Hydraulic and pneumatic systems
The basic working principle of hydraulic system：
In the hydraulic system, the pressure originates from the hydraulic pump. After being converted into hydraulic energy, it is evenly transmitted to each component through the oil. According to Pascal’s principle, the pressure is evenly distributed in the closed container.
The flow rate determines the speed of the actuator. By adjusting the pump speed, valve opening or using a flow valve, the flow rate can be accurately controlled to achieve speed regulation.
Force transmission is based on pressure. High-pressure oil drives the hydraulic cylinder piston. The magnitude of the force is related to the oil pressure and the piston area. Adjusting the two can change the output force.
Hydraulic valves such as reversing, pressure and flow valves can flexibly control the direction, pressure and flow of oil flow, build complex force and motion control systems, and ensure efficient and precise operation of the hydraulic system.
The basic working principle of pneumatic system:
The pneumatic system uses compressed air as the working medium. The air compressor converts mechanical energy into gas pressure energy, which is sent to actuators such as cylinders through pipes to drive the piston movement and convert it into mechanical energy.
However, gas is compressible, and there will be compression and expansion when pressure is transmitted, which affects the response speed and accuracy.The flow rate determines the speed of the actuator, and the flow rate can be adjusted by controlling the compressor output, valve opening, etc. However, due to the compressibility of gas, flow control is more complicated.
The transmission of force relies on pressure. The compressed air pressure in the cylinder pushes the piston to generate force, the size of which depends on the pressure and the area of the piston. However, in terms of large force or high-precision control, the pneumatic system is not as effective as the hydraulic system.
What are the functions of hydraulic and pneumatic components?
Hydraulic and pneumatic components play a vital role in mechanical systems by converting, transferring and controlling energy in different ways. The following is an introduction to the functions of hydraulic and pneumatic components such as pumps, cylinders, valves, motors, etc.:
- Pump: As a power source, the pump is responsible for converting mechanical energy into pressure energy of fluid (liquid or gas).Hydraulic pumps are particularly important in hydraulic systems. They convert the rotational energy of a prime mover (such as a motor or engine) into hydraulic energy, providing continuous pressure and flow to the system.Air pumps in pneumatic systems generate compressed air to power pneumatic tools and equipment.
- Cylinder: As an actuator, the cylinder converts fluid pressure energy into mechanical energy to achieve linear or swinging motion.Hydraulic cylinders are often used in heavy machinery and precision equipment due to their high thrust and precise control.Pneumatic cylinders are widely used in automated production lines and light industrial fields due to their simple structure, easy maintenance and low cost, achieving fast and efficient linear motion.
- Valve: As a control element, the valve plays a role in regulating fluid direction, pressure and flow in hydraulic and pneumatic systems.By opening, closing and adjusting the valve, the flow path and state of the fluid can be accurately controlled to achieve complex control functions of the system.There are many types of valves, including directional valves, pressure valves, flow valves, etc., each of which undertakes different control tasks.
- Motor: As a power conversion device, the motor converts fluid pressure energy into rotational mechanical energy to drive the external load to rotate.Hydraulic motors and pneumatic motors are used in hydraulic and pneumatic systems respectively. They convert the input fluid pressure energy into the rotational torque of the output shaft through the rotational motion of the internal mechanism, and are widely used in mechanical equipment that requires rotational motion.
Guide for selection and application of hydraulic and pneumatic components.
Selection Guide for hydraulic and pneumatic components：
1. Consider system pressure
Know your maximum pressure: First, you need to know the maximum pressure your hydraulic or pneumatic system needs to withstand.
Choose components that can withstand higher pressures: When choosing components, make sure that their rated pressure is higher than the highest pressure of your system, which is safer.
2. Flow requirements
Calculate Required Flow: Find out how much flow your system needs to work smoothly. This usually depends on how your equipment moves and how much power it requires.
Match component flow rates: When selecting components, make sure their flow rates meet or slightly exceed your system requirements.
3. Application environment
Consider the operating environment: What kind of environment will your component be operating in? Will it be hot, cold, humid, or in the presence of corrosive substances?
For example, if the environment is humid or corrosive, choose waterproof or corrosion-resistant components.
4. Reliability and longevity
Choose reliable components: Choose components that are proven to be reliable and have a long life so that you can reduce the frequency of repairs and replacements.
5. Cost
While meeting all the above conditions, try to choose components with reasonable prices and high cost performance.
6. Others
Consult experts: If you are not sure how to choose, you can consult our HANUMAN professional engineers or suppliers for professional advice.
View samples and manuals: HANUMAN provides detailed product samples and manuals, which contain rich component information and high-precision drawings to help you easily select models. In addition, HANUMAN also provides customized product drawing services to meet your special needs.
Selection is a comprehensive process. You need to balance various factors to find the hydraulic and pneumatic components that best suit your system.
Of course, HANUMAN has a professional team. Not only does it have a professional team to provide you with selection guidance and technical support, but it also helps you upgrade and optimize your system with high-quality products and services. Welcome to consult with us.
Application examples of hydraulic and pneumatic components in different industries.
Hydraulic and pneumatic components play a key role in multiple industries.
1. Application of hydraulic and pneumatic components in manufacturing.
In the manufacturing industry, hydraulic and pneumatic components are an important force in improving production efficiency and product quality.
In automated production lines, hydraulic and pneumatic components achieve energy transmission and control through pumps, cylinders, valves, etc.
They can respond to signals quickly and drive equipment such as stamping machines, presses and welding robots to operate efficiently, greatly improving the level of automation in the manufacturing industry.
In the field of processing equipment, hydraulic systems help cutting machines, bending machines, etc. to improve processing accuracy and efficiency, while pneumatic components simplify operating procedures and reduce labor intensity in processes such as workpiece handling, transfer, positioning and clamping.
2. Application of hydraulic and pneumatic components in the automotive industry.
The automotive industry is also highly dependent on hydraulic and pneumatic components.
In the stamping production line, the hydraulic system drives the stamping machine to achieve rapid forming of steel plates, and the pneumatic components are responsible for steel plate dispersion and workpiece handling and positioning.
In welding production lines, pneumatic technology is used for processes such as rapid approach of welding heads and voltage-controlled spot welding to improve welding quality and efficiency.
On the assembly line, pneumatic components drive bolt tightening machines and assembly robots to achieve high-precision assembly operations.
3. Application of hydraulic and pneumatic components in the aviation industry.
The aviation industry has even stricter requirements. In the flight control system, pneumatic components control the deflection of the aircraft’s control surfaces to ensure that the aircraft flies according to the predetermined route.
Hydraulic systems are widely used in the retraction and extension and control of aircraft landing gear, providing huge power and accurate control to ensure the safety and stability of aircraft take-off, landing and taxiing. They are also used to control various valves and actuators on aircraft to achieve precise control.
Maintenance and troubleshooting of hydraulic and pneumatic systems.
1. Maintenance strategies for hydraulic and pneumatic systems.
(1) Regular inspection
• Check the cleanliness of hydraulic oil/compressed air.
• Check whether the pipe connections are loose or leaking.
• Check whether the appearance of pumps, cylinders, valves, motors and other components is damaged.
• Monitor whether system parameters such as pressure and flow are normal.
(2) Preventive maintenance
• Change hydraulic oil/filter regularly.
•Perform lubrication maintenance on components.
• Clean the system to prevent accumulation of impurities.
2. Common faults and diagnostic methods and troubleshooting techniques.
(1) Common faults
• Leakage.
• Insufficient pressure.
• Abnormal flow.
• Damaged component.
(2) Diagnostic methods
• Visual inspection.
• Pressure test.
• Flow test.
(3) Elimination techniques
• For leaks, tighten the connections or replace the seals.
• When the pressure is insufficient, check whether the pump, valve and other components are working properly.
• If the flow is abnormal, adjust the control valve or check whether the pipeline is blocked.
3. Integration of hydraulic and pneumatic components into complex systems.
(1) Design stage
• Fully consider system requirements and component performance.
• Rationally layout pipelines and components.
(2) Installation and commissioning
• Strictly follow the installation instructions.
• Perform system commissioning to ensure that all components work together.
(3) Control and monitoring
• Adopt advanced control system to achieve precise control.
• Install sensors to monitor system operating status.
What can you get if you choose HANUMAN?
- In terms of maintenance strategy, HANUMAN has a professional technical team that can develop a personalized maintenance plan for you and conduct regular comprehensive inspections to ensure stable operation of the system.
- For fault diagnosis and troubleshooting, HANUMAN can rely on its rich experience and advanced testing equipment to quickly and accurately locate problems and provide efficient solutions.
- In terms of integration, HANUMAN engineers are familiar with various complex mechanical and automation systems and can optimize the design, installation and commissioning according to your needs to ensure that hydraulic and pneumatic components are perfectly integrated with the system.
Pneumatic components currently supplied by HANUMAN.
- Air compressors: Portable Air Compressors, Air Receiver Tanks, MQ-10PM, MQ-15PM, MQ-30VPM……
- Pressure Switches: DPS-3, DPS-6, DPS-7, IS10, IS3000……
- Booster Valves: VBA……
- Relief Valves: AR, IR, SRH, ARM5, AP100, VEX1……
- Electro-Pneumatic Regulators: EPV, HEPV……
- Vacuum Components: XYZKF, IRV, PB1011, VBAT……
- Directional Control Valves: 3V100 4V100, 5V210, 7V, XY3000, VT340, 4M300, 50-VPE, VH……
- Mini Cylinders: MBL, CG1, PB, C85……
Of course, HANUMAN offers far more components than these. We have a rich product line covering hydraulic and pneumatic components of various specifications and models to meet the diverse needs of different industries and different application scenarios.
If you have a need for specific hydraulic and pneumatic components, or would like learn more about HANUMAN products, please feel free to contact us. HANUMAN has professional team, which will serve you wholeheartedly and help you find the component products that best suit your needs.
